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COMMANDS.DOC
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---COMMANDS.DOC---
Debugger Command Language
In addition to immediate-execution assembly-language commands, there is a
set of commands recognized by the debugger. They are identified by the first
keyword on the line being a single letter (i.e., the second character of the
line is a non-letter, usually a comma or ENTER).
General Operands to Debugger Commands
Most of the debugger commands consist of their single-letter identifier,
followed by a comma, followed by one or more general operands, separated by
commas. General operands can be one of the following:
a. a numeric constant, whose format is just as in the assembly language
(leading zero means default hex, otherwise default decimal)
b. a register name
c. a user-symbol from the assembly-language program being debugged.
Format of Debugger Command Examples
Many of the examples given below will be given in double-quotes. Note that
the double-quotes are not part of the command. You are encouraged to try
out the example on the debugger, by typing the string within the quotes, not
including the quotes, and always followed by the ENTER key. Note further that
the double-quoted string may be broken across two lines of this manual, but
that does not mean you should type a ENTER where the string is broken--
debugger commands always consist of a single line, always terminated by ENTER.
The Debugger Command Set
Following is a description of the debugger commands recognized:
B sets and clears the fixed breakpoints of the program. The debugger has four
breakpoints. Two are transitory; they are automatically cleared after each
return from the program to the debugger. They can be set by the G command.
The other two are fixed-- they will remain in effect until you explicitly
clear them. The fixed breakpoints are controlled by this B command.
You follow the B with zero, one, or two general operands. If there are zero
operands (the B is followed immediately by a ENTER), then both fixed
breakpoints are cleared. If there are one or two operands, then the fixed
breakpoints are set to the operands.
Note that previously-set breakpoints can be implicitly cleared, by
overwriting them with other breakpoints. If your B command has one operand,
and there was one breakpoint previously set, the debugger sets the unused
breakpoint, so that both remain in effect. If your B command has one
operand, and both breakpoints were previously set, the most recently-set
breakpoint is saved, and the older breakpoint is overwritten.
Examples: if you type "b,numout", the debugger will set a breakpoint at
location NUMOUT, which should be a label in the program being debugged.
You may start and stop the program many times, the the breakpoint will
stay there. You may even allow the program to stop at NUMOUT repeatedly;
the breakpoint is not cleared even if the program stops there. If you
subsequently type the command "b,01000", then there will be breakpoints
at both NUMOUT and location hex 01000. If you then type "b,01200", the
first breakpoint NUMOUT is overwritten; the two breakpoints now in effect
are 01000 and 01200. The 01000 breakpoint will be next in line to be
overwritten. You may clear both breakpoints by typing "b". There is no
way to clear one breakpoint at a time.
G starts the user program. If there are no operands, then G is equivalent to
the ctrl-G command. You can give one or two operands to G, specifying
locations within the program at which you wish to return to the debugger.
These are "transitory breakpoints"; they are cleared when the program
returns to the debugger for any reason.
Whenever you start the program, at least one instruction from the program
will be executed, even if there is a breakpoint at the current instruction
pointer location. This means you can set a breakpoint at the current
location; instructing the program to return to the debugger the next time
it gets back to the current location.
J jumps to the location indicated by the operand, within the current code
segment. J is useful when you are exploring memory outside of your
program's memory area. In that case, the immediate JMP command is executed
from a buffer within your program's original code segment. JMP would
therefore return you to that segment. J will keep you in the distant
segment.
O sets a special fixed breakpoint. Whenever your program calls MSDOS via
INT 33, the debugger will monitor the function number passed in the AH
register. If the function number falls within the range specified by this
command, the program will trap back to the debugger. If you give two
operands to O, the operands are the lower and upper bounds for the range
of trapped functions. If you give one operand, only that function-number
will be trapped. If you give no operands, any previous O-trap setting is
cleared.
For example, note that function 3F hex is the READ function for MSDOS
version 2. If you want to trap whenever this READ function is invoked,
you can issue the command O,03F and then start up your program with the G
command. Another example: suppose you want to insure that a program does
not make any of the new Version 3 DOS calls, 59 hex and above. You can
issue the command O,059,0FF and then start your program.
NOTE: if the second operand is less than the first, then the range wraps
around through zero. For example, O,059,030 traps on 059 through 0FF,
and also 0 through 030-- both version 3 and version 1 calls.
SECOND NOTE: The EXIT function, hex 4C is always trapped by D86, regardless
of your O-command settings. The only way you should be able to exit from D86
is via the Q-command. (If you do succeed in exiting some other way, I want
to hear about it. In that case, D86 will become very confused if you
reinvoke it before rebooting the computer.)
Q exits the debugger and goes back to the operating system.